Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Basic Principles
What Limits the Current?
Connecting Cells in Series
the Bipolar Plate
Gas Supply and Cooling
Fuel Cell Types
Other Cells
Some Fuel Cells, Some Not
Biological fuel cells
Metal/air cells
Redox flow cells or regenerative fuel cells
Other Parts of a Fuel Cell System
Figures Used to Compare Systems
Advantages and Applications
Efficiency and Open Circuit Voltage
Energy and the EMF of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell
The Open Circuit Voltage of Other Fuel Cells and Batteries
Efficiency and Efficiency Limits
Efficiency and the Fuel Cell Voltage
The Effect of Pressure and Gas Concentration
The Nernst equation
Hydrogen partial pressure
Fuel and oxidant utilisation
System pressure
An application
blood alcohol measurement
Operational Fuel Cell Voltages
Terminology
Fuel Cell Irreversibilities
Causes of Voltage Drop
Activation Losses
The Tafel equation
The constants in the Tafel equation
Reducing the activation overvoltage
Summary of activation overvoltage
Fuel Crossover and Internal Currents
Ohmic Losses
Mass Transport or Concentration Losses
Combining the Irreversibilities
The Charge Double Layer
Distinguishing the Different Irreversibilities
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
How the Polymer Electrolyte Works
Electrodes and Electrode Structure
Water Management in the PEMFC
Overview of the problem
Airflow and water evaporation
Humidity of PEMFC air.