Intro
Guidelines for Siting and Layout of Facilities
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Preface
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objectives
1.2 A Siting and Layout Approach
1.3 How to Use This Guideline
1.4 The Protection Layers
1.5 Terminology
1.6 Guideline References
1.7 Separation Distances Based Primarily on Fire Consequences
2 OVERVIEW OF BENEFITS
2.1 Implications of Siting and Layout
2.2 Management of Risks
2.2.1 Applying the Inherently Safer Design (ISD) Principles
2.2.2 Using Safeguards
2.3 Implementing a Step-wise Approach for the Siting and LayOut of Facilities
2.4 Anticipating the Changing World
2.5 Summarizing the Business Case for Proper Siting of a Facility
2.5.1 Importance of starting early in the project proposal phase
2.5.2 Balancing life cycle costs when locating a facility
2.5.3 Looking beyond immediate needs
3 IDENTIFYING THE PROCESS HAZARDS AND RISKS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Describing the Facility's Scope
3.3 Screening for Preliminary Hazards
3.3.1 Fire Scenarios
3.3.2 Explosion Scenarios
3.3.3 Toxic Release Scenarios
3.3.4 Credible Release Scenarios
3.3.5 Addressing Domino Effect Scenarios
3.3.6 Addressing High Consequence, Low Frequency Scenarios
3.4 Evaluating the Risks
3.5 Checklist for Identifying the Process Hazards and Risks
3.6 Summary
4 SELECTING A FACILITY LOCATION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Additional Information on the Facility
4.3 Selecting a Team to Locate the Facility
4.4 Guidelines when Surveying Potential Facility Locations
4.5 Determining the Location Plot Size
4.6 Construction and Turnaround Issues
4.7 Maps and Information
4.8 Geological Issues
4.8.1 Terrain Properties
4.8.2 Soil Properties
4.9 Weather Issues.

4.10 Seismic Issues
4.11 Off-site Issues
4.11.1 Neighboring Forests and Vegetation
4.11.2 Neighboring Industrial Facilities
4.11.3 External Emergency Response Resources
4.11.4 Stakeholder Outreach
4.12 Security Issues
4.13 Environmental Issues
4.13.1 Environmental Impact
4.13.2 Environmental Regulations
4.13.3 Air Issues
4.13.4 Land Issues
4.13.5 Water Issues
4.13.6 Noise Issues
4.13.7 Luminosity Issues
4.13.8 Flare Issues
4.13.9 Incinerator and Boiler Issues
4.13.10 Biological Issues
4.14 Infrastructure Issues
4.15 Building and Structure Issues
4.16 Material Handling Issues
4.16.1 Construction Transportation Issues
4.16.2 Operations Transportation Issues
4.16.3 Pipeline Issues
4.16.4 Truck Transportation Issues
4.16.5 Railroad Transportation Issues
4.16.6 Port Operations Issues
4.16.7 Air Carrier Issues
4.17 Communications Issues
4.17.1 Types of Communication Systems
4.17.2 Data Retrieval Systems
4.17.3 Packages and mail-related courier services
4.18 Engineering Design Issues
4.19 Utilities Issues
4.19.1 Electric Power Supply
4.19.2 Water Supply
4.19.3 Steam Supply
4.19.4 Fuel Supply
4.19.5 Air Supply
4.19.6 Other Utility Supplies
4.20 Other Characteristics
4.20.1 Personnel
4.20.2 Other Support Personnel and Operations
4.20.3 Housing
4.21 Preparing the Information when Comparing Locations
4.22 A Siting and Layout Illustration
4.23 Checklist for Selecting a Facility Location
4.24 Summary
5 SELECTING THE PROCESS UNIT LAYOUT WITHIN A FACILITY
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Block Layout Methodology Overview
5.2.1 Steps for Arranging the Process Unit Blocks
5.2.2 Evaluating Effective Risk Reduction Options
5.2.3 Some Modeling Issues
5.3 How the Block Layout Integrates with the Facility Location.

5.4 Applying Preventive Measures when Arranging Process Units
5.5 Applying Mitigative Measures when Arranging Process Units
5.6 Construction and Turnarounds
5.6.1 Some Construction Issues
5.6.2 Planning for Phased Construction
5.6.3 Planning for Future Expansions and Turnarounds
5.6.4 Equipment Laydown Areas during Construction
5.7 The Block Layout Approach: Step 1
Evaluating the Location'S Characteristics
5.7.1 Elevation Issues
5.7.2 Geological Issues
5.7.3 Weather Issues
5.7.4 Seismic Issues
5.8 Off-site Issues
5.8.1 Forest and vegetation issues
5.8.2 Neighbor issues
5.8.3 Emergency response accessibility issues
5.9 Security Issues
5.10 Environmental Issues
5.11 Infrastructure Issues
5.12 The Block Layout Approach: Step 2
Evaluating the Separation Distances between Blocks
5.13 Critical and Occupied Structures
5.13.1 Locating Critical and Occupied Structures
5.13.2 Process Control Buildings
5.13.3 Shelters
5.13.4 Blast Resistant Buildings
5.13.5 Other Buildings
5.14 Material Handling
5.14.1 On-site Transportation Issues
5.14.2 Transfer Pumps
5.14.3 Pipeline Metering Stations
5.14.4 Pipeways
5.14.5 Underground Piping
5.14.6 Truck and Rail Car Loading and Unloading Racks
5.14.7 Railways
5.14.8 Piers/Jetties and Wharves
5.15 Process Units
5.15.1 Process Units Located inside Buildings
5.15.2 Distances between Process Units
5.15.3 Modularization
5.15.4 Maintenance Accessibility
5.15.5 Emergency Accessibility
5.15.6 Shipping or Receiving Operations
5.15.7 Special and Tolling Operations
5.16 Tank Farms
5.16.1 Tank Farm Locations
5.16.2 Underground Storage Tanks
5.16.3 Aboveground Storage Tanks
5.17 Other Areas
5.17.1 Flares
5.17.2 Facility Supporting Operations
5.17.3 Wastewater Operations.

5.17.4 Toxic and Reactive Chemical Storage
5.17.5 Compressed and Liquefied Gas Storage
5.17.6 Emergency Response Operations
5.17.7 Fire Training Areas
5.17.8 Miscellaneous
5.18 Utilities
5.18.1 Electrical Power Supplies
5.18.2 Water Supply
5.18.3 Steam Supply
5.18.4 Cogeneration Facilities
5.18.5 Fuel Gases and Liquids
5.18.6 Air Compressors
5.18.7 Utility Cooling Towers
5.18.8 Other Utility Systems
5.19 Optimizing the Locations of the Process Units
5.20 Resolving Block Layout Optimization Issues
5.21 Continuing the Siting and Layout Illustration
5.22 Checklist For Selecting the Layout of Process Units within a Facility
5.23 Summary
6 SELECTING THE EQUIPMENT LAYOUT WITHIN A PROCESS UNIT
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Equipment Layout Methodology Overview
6.2.1 The Approach
6.2.2 The Separation Distances between Equipment
6.3 How the Equipment Layout Integrates with the Block Layout
6.4 Applying Preventive Measures when Arranging Equipment
6.4.1 Congestion and Confinement Issues
6.4.2 Arranging Pipeways
6.4.3 Distributing Utilities within the Process Unit
6.4.4 Locating Storage Tanks
6.5 Applying Mitigative Measures when Arranging Equipment
6.5.1 Reducing Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) Consequences
6.5.2 Reducing Dust Explosion Consequences
6.5.3 Reducing Fire Consequences
6.5.4 Reducing Toxic Consequences
6.5.5 Reducing Domino Effects
6.5.6 Reducing Consequences with Engineering Designs
6.6 Critical and Occupied Structure Design
6.6.1 Applying Inherently Safer Design (ISD) Principles to Structure Locations
6.6.2 Design Issues with Modular Units
6.6.3 Design Issues with Single and Multi-level Structures
6.6.4 Design Issues with Partially Enclosed Structures
6.6.5 Design Issues with Enclosed Structures.

6.6.6 Design Issues with Blast Resistant Buildings
6.7 Equipment
6.7.1 Applying Inherently Safer Design (ISD) Principles to Equipment Layout
6.7.2 Vessels
6.7.3 Reactors
6.7.4 Pumps
6.7.5 Gas compressors and expanders
6.7.6 Equipment with Air Intakes
6.7.7 Heat Exchangers
6.7.8 Air-cooled Heat Exchangers
6.8 Resolving Equipment Layout Optimization Issues
6.9 Continuing the Siting and Layout Illustration
6.10 Checklist For Selecting the Equipment Layout within a Process Unit
6.11 Summary
7 MANAGING CHANGES
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Addressing Surrounding Community and Industrial Expansions
7.3 A Siting and Layout Approach when Managing Changes
7.4 Maintaining Facility Integrity during its Life Cycle
7.5 Managing Expansions at an Existing Facility
7.6 Managing Purchases of Existing Facilities
7.7 Monitoring changes with Periodic Reviews
7.8 Addressing Siting and Layout Issues which are Identified During Expansions
7.9 Summary
8 Case Histories
9 References
10 Appendices
Appendix A Additional Siting And Layout References
Appendix B Ccps Recommended Distance Tables For Siting And Layout Of Facilities
Appendix C Checklist For Identifying The Process Hazards And Risks
Appendix D Checklist For Selecting A Facility Location
Appendix E Checklist For Selecting The Process Unit Layout Within A Facility
Appendix F Checklist For Selecting The Equipment Layout Within A Process Unit
Index
EULA.