Cover; Contents; Symbols; Introduction; Part 1 Mathematics; 1 Calculation Procedures; 1.1 Calculation at school and at university; 1.2 Decisions about and within procedures; 1.3 Learning from few (or no) examples; 1.4 Generating your own exercises; 1.5 Writing out calculations; 1.6 Checking for errors; 1.7 Mathematics is not just procedures; 2 Abstract Objects; 2.1 Numbers as abstract objects; 2.2 Functions as abstract objects; 2.3 What kind of object is that, really?; 2.4 Objects as the results of procedures; 2.5 Hierarchical organization of objects; 2.6 Turning processes into objects.

2.7 New objects: relations and binary operations2.8 New objects: symmetries; 3 Definitions; 3.1 Axioms, definitions and theorems; 3.2 What are axioms?; 3.3 What are definitions?; 3.4 What are theorems?; 3.5 Understanding definitions: even numbers; 3.6 Understanding definitions: increasing functions; 3.7 Understanding definitions: commutativity; 3.8 Understanding definitions: open sets; 3.9 Understanding definitions: limits; 3.10 Definitions and intuition; 4 Theorems; 4.1 Theorems and logical necessity; 4.2 A simple theorem about integers; 4.3 A theorem about functions and derivatives.

4.4 A theorem with less familiar objects4.5 Logical language: 'if '; 4.6 Logical language: everyday uses of 'if '; 4.7 Logical language: quantifiers; 4.8 Logical language: multiple quantifiers; 4.9 Theorem rephrasing; 4.10 Understanding: logical form and meaning; 5 Proof; 5.1 Proofs in school mathematics; 5.2 Proving that a definition is satisfied; 5.3 Proving general statements; 5.4 Proving general theorems using definitions; 5.5 Definitions and other representations; 5.6 Proofs, logical deductions and objects; 5.7 Proving obvious things.

5.8 Believing counterintuitive things: the harmonic series5.9 Believing counterintuitive things: Earth and rope; 5.10 Will my whole degree be proofs?; 6 Proof Types and Tricks; 6.1 General proving strategies; 6.2 Direct proof; 6.3 Proof by contradiction; 6.4 Proof by induction; 6.5 Uniqueness proofs; 6.6 Adding and subtracting the same thing; 6.7 Trying things out; 6.8 'I would never have thought of that'; 7 Reading Mathematics; 7.1 Independent reading; 7.2 Reading your lecture notes; 7.3 Reading for understanding; 7.4 Reading for synthesis; 7.5 Using summaries for revision.

7.6 Reading for memory7.7 Using diagrams for memory; 7.8 Reading proofs for memory; 8 Writing Mathematics; 8.1 Recognizing good writing; 8.2 Why should a student write well?; 8.3 Writing a clear argument; 8.4 Using notation correctly; 8.5 Arrows and brackets; 8.6 Exceptions and mistakes; 8.7 Separating out the task of writing; Part 2 Study Skills; 9 Lectures; 9.1 What are lectures like?; 9.2 What are lecturers like?; 9.3 Making lectures work for you; 9.4 Tackling common problems; 9.5 Learning in lectures; 9.6 Courtesy in lectures; 9.7 Feedback on lectures; 10 Other People.