Ritual in early Bronze Age grave goods : an examination of ritual and dress equipment from Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age graves in England / Ann Woodward and John Hunter ; with David Bukach, Stuart Needham and Alison Sheridan ; and with contributions by Peter Bray [and twelve others].
2015
GN778.22.G7 W66 2015
Formats
| Format | |
|---|---|
| BibTeX | |
| MARCXML | |
| TextMARC | |
| MARC | |
| DublinCore | |
| EndNote | |
| NLM | |
| RefWorks | |
| RIS |
Linked e-resources
Linked Resource
Details
Title
Ritual in early Bronze Age grave goods : an examination of ritual and dress equipment from Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age graves in England / Ann Woodward and John Hunter ; with David Bukach, Stuart Needham and Alison Sheridan ; and with contributions by Peter Bray [and twelve others].
Author
ISBN
9781782976974 (electronic bk.)
1782976973 (electronic bk.)
1782976949
9781782976943
9781782976950
1782976957
9781782976967
1782976965
9781782976943 (hardcover)
1782976973 (electronic bk.)
1782976949
9781782976943
9781782976950
1782976957
9781782976967
1782976965
9781782976943 (hardcover)
Published
Oxford ; Philadelphia : Oxbow Books, 2015.
Copyright
©2015
Language
English
Language Note
English.
Description
1 online resource
Call Number
GN778.22.G7 W66 2015
System Control No.
(OCoLC)907133125
Summary
The exotic and impressive grave goods from burials of the Wessex Culture in Early Bronze Age Britain are well known and have inspired influential social and economic hypotheses, invoking the former existence of chiefs, warriors and merchants and high-ranking pastoralists. Alternative theories have sought to explain how display of such objects was related to religious and ritual activity rather than to economic status, and that groups of artefacts found in certain graves may have belonged to religious specialists. This volume is the result of a major research project that aimed to investigate Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age grave goods in relation to their possible use as special dress accessories or as equipment employed within ritual activities and ceremonies. Many items of adornment can be shown to have formed elements of elaborate costumes, probably worn by individuals, both male and female, who held important ritual roles within society. Furthermore, the analysis has shown that various categories of object long interpreted as mundane types of tool were in fact items of bodily adornment or implements used in ritual contexts, or in the special embellishment of the human body.
Note
The exotic and impressive grave goods from burials of the Wessex Culture in Early Bronze Age Britain are well known and have inspired influential social and economic hypotheses, invoking the former existence of chiefs, warriors and merchants and high-ranking pastoralists. Alternative theories have sought to explain how display of such objects was related to religious and ritual activity rather than to economic status, and that groups of artefacts found in certain graves may have belonged to religious specialists. This volume is the result of a major research project that aimed to investigate Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age grave goods in relation to their possible use as special dress accessories or as equipment employed within ritual activities and ceremonies. Many items of adornment can be shown to have formed elements of elaborate costumes, probably worn by individuals, both male and female, who held important ritual roles within society. Furthermore, the analysis has shown that various categories of object long interpreted as mundane types of tool were in fact items of bodily adornment or implements used in ritual contexts, or in the special embellishment of the human body.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Formatted Contents Note
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Figures and Tables
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY
The resource and investigative programme
Site database
Object identification
Examination process
Scientific analysis
Burial and age criteria
CHAPTER 3: ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT I: DAGGERS, POMMELS AND BELT FITTINGS
3.1: Daggers and knives
3.2: Pommels
3.3: Belt hooks
3.4: Belt and pulley rings
CHAPTER 4: ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT II: STONE, BONE, COPPER ALLOY AND MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS
4.1: Sponge finger stones
4.2: Grooved stones
4.3: Perforated stones
4.4: Worked stones without perforations
4.5: Bone and antler spatulae
4.6: Copper alloy awls
4.7: Bone points
4.8: Bone tweezers
4.9: Bone tubes
4.10: Bone plates
4.11: Bone toggles
4.12: Miscellaneous objects of bone and antler
4.13: Miscellaneous objects of copper alloy
4.14: Miscellaneous objects made from jet and jet-like materials
CHAPTER 5: ITEMS OF PERSONAL ADORNMENT I: JET AND JET-LIKE MATERIALS, AMBER, BONE AND COPPER ALLOY
5.1: Tusks and teeth
5.2: V-perforated buttons
5.3: Button sets of jet and jet-like materials (with Alison Sheridan)
5.4: Earrings and tress rings
5.5: Dress pins
5.6: Studs (with Alison Sheridan)
5.7: Beads
5.8: Spacer plates
5.9: Pendants and individual necklace fasteners
5.10: Decorated ornaments of copper alloy
CHAPTER 6: ITEMS OF PERSONAL ADORNMENT II: GOLD AND THE REGALIA FROM BUSH BARROW
6.1: Gold Objects
6.1.1 Mere G6a, Wiltshire
6.1.2 Wilsford-cum-Lake G47, 49 or 50, Duke's barrow 20, Wiltshire
6.1.3 Little Cressingham, Norfolk
6.1.4 Upton Lovell G2e, Wiltshire
6.1.5 Wilsford G8, Wiltshire
6.1.6 Manton barrow, Preshute G1a, Wiltshire.
6.1.7 Clandon barrow, Winterborne St Martin G31, Clandon, Dorset
6.2: The Regalia from Wilsford G5, Wiltshire (Bush Barrow)
6.3: Discussion: Reappraising 'Wessex' Goldwork
Background
Early developments
Sheet-gold covers
Wessex and the goldwork repertoire of the early second millennium
Conclusions
CHAPTER 7: NECKLACES I: DISC BEADS AND SPACER PLATE NECKLACES
7.1 Disc bead necklaces
7.1.1 East Yorkshire
7.1.2 Wessex
7.1.3 Other regions
7.2 Spacer plate necklaces of jet and jet-like materials
7.2.1 East Yorkshire
7.2.2 Peak District
7.2.3 Other regions
7.3 Discussion of disc bead and spacer plate necklaces of jet and jet-like materials
Introduction
Origins and development of the two traditions
Contexts and associations
Raw materials
Manufacture and the nature of production
Life histories of the necklaces
7.4 Amber necklaces
7.4.1 Wessex
7.4.2 Other regions
7.4.3 General discussion
Contexts, dating and associations
Composition variation
Raw material and manufacture
Life histories
CHAPTER 8: NECKLACES II: SIMPLE AND COMPOSITE NECKLACES
8.1 Simple necklaces with components of variable shape
8.1.1 Jet and jet-like materials
8.1.2 Amber
8.1.3 Bone
8.1.4 Fossil
8.1.5 Stone
8.2 Composite necklaces with two materials
8.2.1 Jet and jet-like disc beads and amber
8.2.2 Jet and jet-like beads, buttons and disc beads, and bone
8.2.3 Fossil and fired clay disc beads
8.2.4 Jet and jet-like materials and amber
8.2.5 Jet and jet-like materials and faience
8.2.6 Jet and jet-like materials and stone
8.2.7 Jet and jet-like materials and bone
8.2.8 Amber and bone
8.2.9 Bone and fossil
8.3 Composite necklaces with three materials
8.3.1 Jet and jet-like materials, amber and shell.
8.3.2 Gold, amber, and jet and jet-like materials
8.3.3 Jet and jet-like materials, amber and faience
8.3.4 Amber, faience and stone
8.3.5 Red glass, stone and fossil
8.3.6 Stone, fossil and bone
8.4 Composite necklaces with four materials
8.4.1 Gold, jet and jet-like materials, amber and fossil
8.4.2 Jet and jet-like materials, faience, stone and shell
8.4.3 Jet and jet-like materials, amber, faience and bone
8.4.4 Jet and jet-like materials, bone, fossil and shell
8.5 Composite necklaces with five materials
8.5.1 Gold, jet and jet-like materials, amber, stone and fossil
8.5.2 Gold, jet and jet-like materials, bronze, amber and bone
8.5.3 Jet and jet-like materials, amber, faience, stone and fossil
8.6 Discussion
Material
Morphology
Recycling and heirlooms
Dating and associations
Analysis.
CHAPTER 9: CHRONOLOGY
Introduction
Chronological divisions
Chalcolithic grave goods
Early Bronze Age grave goods
Grave goods found in both the Beaker and Early Bronze Age periods
Conclusions
CHAPTER 10: OBJECT LIFE STORIES
Introduction
Variation in condition between similar objects
Variation in condition within an assemblage
Objects in child or adolescent burials
Fragmented objects
Conclusions
CHAPTER 11: OBJECT FUNCTION
Morphology, material and manufacture
Use wear
Placement of objects with the body
Age and sex
Associations
CHAPTER 12: REGIONAL VARIATION
Introduction
Graves and bodies
Object distributions
Conclusions
Appendix 12.1
CHAPTER 13: CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX.
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Figures and Tables
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY
The resource and investigative programme
Site database
Object identification
Examination process
Scientific analysis
Burial and age criteria
CHAPTER 3: ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT I: DAGGERS, POMMELS AND BELT FITTINGS
3.1: Daggers and knives
3.2: Pommels
3.3: Belt hooks
3.4: Belt and pulley rings
CHAPTER 4: ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT II: STONE, BONE, COPPER ALLOY AND MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS
4.1: Sponge finger stones
4.2: Grooved stones
4.3: Perforated stones
4.4: Worked stones without perforations
4.5: Bone and antler spatulae
4.6: Copper alloy awls
4.7: Bone points
4.8: Bone tweezers
4.9: Bone tubes
4.10: Bone plates
4.11: Bone toggles
4.12: Miscellaneous objects of bone and antler
4.13: Miscellaneous objects of copper alloy
4.14: Miscellaneous objects made from jet and jet-like materials
CHAPTER 5: ITEMS OF PERSONAL ADORNMENT I: JET AND JET-LIKE MATERIALS, AMBER, BONE AND COPPER ALLOY
5.1: Tusks and teeth
5.2: V-perforated buttons
5.3: Button sets of jet and jet-like materials (with Alison Sheridan)
5.4: Earrings and tress rings
5.5: Dress pins
5.6: Studs (with Alison Sheridan)
5.7: Beads
5.8: Spacer plates
5.9: Pendants and individual necklace fasteners
5.10: Decorated ornaments of copper alloy
CHAPTER 6: ITEMS OF PERSONAL ADORNMENT II: GOLD AND THE REGALIA FROM BUSH BARROW
6.1: Gold Objects
6.1.1 Mere G6a, Wiltshire
6.1.2 Wilsford-cum-Lake G47, 49 or 50, Duke's barrow 20, Wiltshire
6.1.3 Little Cressingham, Norfolk
6.1.4 Upton Lovell G2e, Wiltshire
6.1.5 Wilsford G8, Wiltshire
6.1.6 Manton barrow, Preshute G1a, Wiltshire.
6.1.7 Clandon barrow, Winterborne St Martin G31, Clandon, Dorset
6.2: The Regalia from Wilsford G5, Wiltshire (Bush Barrow)
6.3: Discussion: Reappraising 'Wessex' Goldwork
Background
Early developments
Sheet-gold covers
Wessex and the goldwork repertoire of the early second millennium
Conclusions
CHAPTER 7: NECKLACES I: DISC BEADS AND SPACER PLATE NECKLACES
7.1 Disc bead necklaces
7.1.1 East Yorkshire
7.1.2 Wessex
7.1.3 Other regions
7.2 Spacer plate necklaces of jet and jet-like materials
7.2.1 East Yorkshire
7.2.2 Peak District
7.2.3 Other regions
7.3 Discussion of disc bead and spacer plate necklaces of jet and jet-like materials
Introduction
Origins and development of the two traditions
Contexts and associations
Raw materials
Manufacture and the nature of production
Life histories of the necklaces
7.4 Amber necklaces
7.4.1 Wessex
7.4.2 Other regions
7.4.3 General discussion
Contexts, dating and associations
Composition variation
Raw material and manufacture
Life histories
CHAPTER 8: NECKLACES II: SIMPLE AND COMPOSITE NECKLACES
8.1 Simple necklaces with components of variable shape
8.1.1 Jet and jet-like materials
8.1.2 Amber
8.1.3 Bone
8.1.4 Fossil
8.1.5 Stone
8.2 Composite necklaces with two materials
8.2.1 Jet and jet-like disc beads and amber
8.2.2 Jet and jet-like beads, buttons and disc beads, and bone
8.2.3 Fossil and fired clay disc beads
8.2.4 Jet and jet-like materials and amber
8.2.5 Jet and jet-like materials and faience
8.2.6 Jet and jet-like materials and stone
8.2.7 Jet and jet-like materials and bone
8.2.8 Amber and bone
8.2.9 Bone and fossil
8.3 Composite necklaces with three materials
8.3.1 Jet and jet-like materials, amber and shell.
8.3.2 Gold, amber, and jet and jet-like materials
8.3.3 Jet and jet-like materials, amber and faience
8.3.4 Amber, faience and stone
8.3.5 Red glass, stone and fossil
8.3.6 Stone, fossil and bone
8.4 Composite necklaces with four materials
8.4.1 Gold, jet and jet-like materials, amber and fossil
8.4.2 Jet and jet-like materials, faience, stone and shell
8.4.3 Jet and jet-like materials, amber, faience and bone
8.4.4 Jet and jet-like materials, bone, fossil and shell
8.5 Composite necklaces with five materials
8.5.1 Gold, jet and jet-like materials, amber, stone and fossil
8.5.2 Gold, jet and jet-like materials, bronze, amber and bone
8.5.3 Jet and jet-like materials, amber, faience, stone and fossil
8.6 Discussion
Material
Morphology
Recycling and heirlooms
Dating and associations
Analysis.
CHAPTER 9: CHRONOLOGY
Introduction
Chronological divisions
Chalcolithic grave goods
Early Bronze Age grave goods
Grave goods found in both the Beaker and Early Bronze Age periods
Conclusions
CHAPTER 10: OBJECT LIFE STORIES
Introduction
Variation in condition between similar objects
Variation in condition within an assemblage
Objects in child or adolescent burials
Fragmented objects
Conclusions
CHAPTER 11: OBJECT FUNCTION
Morphology, material and manufacture
Use wear
Placement of objects with the body
Age and sex
Associations
CHAPTER 12: REGIONAL VARIATION
Introduction
Graves and bodies
Object distributions
Conclusions
Appendix 12.1
CHAPTER 13: CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX.
Source of Description
Online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on October 02, 2015).
Added Author
Available in Other Form
Print version: Woodward, Ann. Ritual in early Bronze Age grave goods. Oxford : Oxbow Books, 2015
Linked Resources
Record Appears in