Preface; Acknowledgements; Introduction; 1 The Archaeological and Literary Evidence Relating to Numantia; The history of the identification of Numantia; The archaeological evidence from Numantia the work of Schulten; The chronology and extent of the excavations; Schulten s funding; The publication of the excavations; The excavation archive
the written record; The excavation archive
the finds; The excavation technique; The recording methods
plans and photographs; The recording methods
the finds; The dating evidence of the finds; Pottery; Lamps; Brooches; Coins; The dating of Lager V.

The literary evidence for the Numantine WarsSummary of the military aspects of the Numantine Wars ascertainable from the literary evidence; 2 The Theoretical Form of Armies of the Period of the Numantine Wars: The Army of the Second Century BC; The evidence of Polybius; The general form of the Polybian army; The organisation of the Polybian legionary infantry; The main infantry
the hastati, principes and triarii; The legionary skirmishers
the velites; The size of the legionary infantry; The legionary cavalry; Command of the legions
the tribunes; The allies.

Command of the allies
the praefecti sociorumForeign troops; Polybius source for his digression on the army; The date of the Polybian army; Changes to the Polybian army after the Second Punic War; The size of armies; Double-legion armies; Single-legion armies; Forces smaller than a legion operating independently; Allied forces operating independently; Changes to the organisation of the infantry the replacement of maniples by cohorts; The composition of cohorts; Changes to the organisation of the cavalry; Changes to the allies; Changes to foreign troops.

The degree of correspondence between the theoretical armies of the second century and those at Numantia3 The Theoretical Layout of Camps of the Period of the Numantine Wars
Camps of the Second Century BC; The Polybian camp; The Polybian camp
what is Polybius describing?; Terminology for the side, front and back of the camp; The measurement system used by Polybius; The grid system used for the camp; The layout of the Polybian double-consular camp; The praetorium, forum, quaestorium and the principia; The tribunes accommodation; Accommodation for the praefecti sociorum; The via principalis.

The disposition of the legionsThe layout of the tents of the legionary maniples; The layout of the tents of the legionary cavalry; The disposition of the main force of allies; The cavalry; The infantry; The position of the delecti extraordinarii and evocati; The position of the extraordinarii; Foreign troops; The junction of the two halves of the double-consular camp; Defences; Entrances; Porta praetoria; Porta principalis; Porta quintana; Porta decumana; Changes to the Polybian camp after the Second Punic War; The single-consular manipular camp.