Environmental health : poverty, race and child health in the time of COVID-19 / I. Leslie Rubin, MD (editor), Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Morehouse School of Medicine, Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Co-director, Southeast Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Founder, Break the Cycle of Health Disparities, Inc., Medical Director, The Rubin Center for Autism and Developmental Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA, Joav Merrick, MD, MMedSci, DMSc (editor), Division of Adolescent Medicine, KY Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Lexington, Kentucky, USA National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Jerusalem, Israel Division of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centers, Mt. Scopus Campus, Jerusalem, Israel School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Intro
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1
Intersection of poverty, race and child health in the time of COVID-19: 16th annual Break the Cycle of children's environmental health disparities program and student projects
Abstract
Introduction
Intersection of poverty, race and child health in the United States
COVID-19 pandemic and children's health disparities
Climate change, environmental justice and children's health disparities
Conclusion
Break the Cycle program
Break the Cycle 16 projects
Student papers
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section one: BTC in time of COVID-19
Chapter 2
An examination of the prevalence of COVID-19 in the Texas Juvenile Justice System
Abstract
Introduction
Our study
Our findings
NIEHS PVI
Population
Youth and staff case counts
Timeline of important dates in TJJD and the surrounding communities
Discussion
Policy
Limitations
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3
Six month outcomes of malnourished children enrolled in the nutritional therapeutic program in a peri-urban, low-income settlement in the Western Cape, South Africa
Abstract
Introduction
The cycle of childhood malnutrition
How can childhood malnutrition be treated?
Implementation of the CTC model
The South African context
Our study
Study design and setting
Analysis
Our findings
Anthropometry
Outcomes
Associations between clinical, social, and programmatic determinants and outcome at six months
Discussion
Treatment duration
Limitations
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 4
Does early life phthalate exposure mediate racial disparities in children's cognitive abilities?
Abstract
Introduction
Our study
Urinary phthalate metabolite concentration assessment.

Cognitive outcomes
Covariate assessment
Statistical analyses
Mediation analyses
Secondary and Sensitivity Analyses
Breaking the cycle of children's environmental health disparities
Our findings
Univariate statistics: Mediators (phthalate metabolites)
Mediation analyses
Sensitivity analyses
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Supplemental Material
Characterizing racial disparities in the associations between early life phthalate exposure and child cognition
Chapter 5
Phthalate exposure in children: Assessing knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in families with low socioeconomic status
Abstract
Introduction
Our study
Data analysis
Our findings
Discussion
Strengths and weaknesses
Breaking the Cycle
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6
Comparison of neighborhood deprivation index and food desert status as environmental predictors of early childhood obesity
Abstract
Introduction
Our study
Family-level data
Neighborhood data
Child obesity status
Statistical analysis
Our findings
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7
Investigating equitable access to greenspace during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for children's mental health in Durham, North Carolina
Abstract
Introduction
Considering the COVID-19 pandemic
Our study
Statistical analysis
Our findings
Changes in greenspace use
Children's mental health
Comparing responses in higher-income and lower-income zip codes
Discussion
Strengths and limitations
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8
Neighborhood quality and positive health indicators among urban adolescents
Abstract
Introduction
Our study
Exposure measure
Outcome measure
Sociodemographic measures.

Statistical approach
Software
Our findings
Discussion
Strengths and limitations
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9
A grief group for today's teens: Using human-centered design to develop an evidence-based intervention for teens that have lost a parent
Abstract
Introduction
Our study
Phase 1: Problem identification and initial prototype
Phase 2: Subject-matter expert feedback and responsive iteration
Phase 3: Target population feedback and responsive iteration
Our findings
Teen feedback
Coping skills
Expert feedback
Teen feedback
Mindfulness
Expert feedback
Teen feedback
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Section two: Acknowledgments
Chapter 10
About the editors
Chapter 11
About the Break the Cycle of Health Disparities Inc
Contact
Chapter 12
About the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units (PEHSU)
Southeast PEHSU
Contact Southeast PEHSU
Chapter 13
About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel
Mission
Service and academic activities
Research activities
National collaborations
International collaborations
Targets
Contact
Section three: Index
Index
Blank Page.